When exposed to excessive strain or prolonged pressure and irritation, internal and external blood vessels of the rectum and anus can swell and become painful hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are marked by an inflammation of the infected area, possible bleeding and extreme discomfort, especially while sitting. To avoid suffering from hemorrhoids, it is important to take precautions that limit the strain placed on these vessels.

A diet high in fiber goes a long way towards the prevention of hemorrhoids. Green vegetables, whole wheat, beans and lentils all help to form looser, softer stools and promote regularity in bowel movements, reducing the strain required to pass them. Additionally, drinking lots of water and getting 30 minutes of exercise three to four days a week can help to maintain a healthy digestive system and further regularity. Prolonged sitting and heavy lifting can also cause hemorrhoids, so avoid these whenever possible. Try to get up and walk about occasionally, and be sure to use proper techniques and breathe in a controlled manner when lifting heavy items to prevent excessive straining.

To help reduce the pain of hemorrhoids, bathe in luke-warm water and gently wash the affected on a regular basis to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Be sure to maintain a diet high in fiber to prevent further strain and damage, and to reduce the pain during bowel movements. Medicines and ointments for hemorrhoids containing corticosteroids can also be used as a short-term solution to alleviate pain, but can cause damage if used for extended periods of time.

In extreme cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or remove extremely damaged blood vessels. These should only be considered as a last resort for chronic or extremely exaggerated hemorrhoids after consulting with a doctor to discuss all available treatment options.